Author: Lisa Smith
Winter can be a tough time for calves, especially in New Zealand’s climate. Cold, wet weather makes them more prone to illness and can make it harder to ensure they’re getting all the nutrients they need. However, with a bit of planning and care as outlined in this guide – you can help your calves thrive even in the harshest conditions.
Why is Winter Calf Care So Important?
Think of newborn calves like babies – they’re particularly sensitive to the cold. They can easily develop hypothermia, which weakens their immune system and leaves them vulnerable to a range of unpleasant bugs. Winter conditions also increase the risk of respiratory diseases like pneumonia, and changes in feeding can lead to scours (diarrhoea). Plus, if calves are using all their energy just to stay warm, they won’t grow as quickly.
Your Winter Calf Care Checklist:
1. Shelter from the Storm
- Just like us, calves need a solid roof over their heads. Make sure their shelters are dry and well-ventilated to protect them from bad weather.
- Consider a portable shelter – unlike fixed shelters, they can be repositioned to shield against rain or prevailing winds.
- Quality materials, such as heavy-duty timber, work to reinforce your shelter against the elements and keep heat trapped inside.
- A thick layer of bedding – like straw or wood shavings – helps insulate calves from the cold. Keep bedding clean and dry.
2. Nutrition is Key
- Colostrum is like liquid gold – it’s crucial for boosting your calves’ immunity. Ensure they get plenty of it within their first 24 hours for maximum absorption.
- Keep milk replacer or whole milk at the right temperature, and feed consistent amounts.
- Introduce calf starter feed early to help rumen development.
- Don’t forget the hay – make sure it’s good quality.
- For more details on calf nutrition, check out NZAgbiz’s Calf Rearing Guide.
3. Beat the Cold
- Watch for signs of shivering or lethargy.
- Use calf jackets for extra warmth, especially for newborns or weaker calves.
- If a calf gets too cold, warm it up quickly with warm water or a heat lamp.
- The Ministry for Primary Industries offers guidance on animal welfare and temperature management: MPI Animal Welfare.
4. Breathe Easy: Preventing Respiratory Disease
- Good ventilation is key to reducing the build-up of gases. Measures like using a relocatable shelter can also help prevent the spread of harmful bugs and keep calves healthy.
- Maintain hygiene – clean everything from feeding equipment to calf pens.
- Speak to your vet about vaccinations for common respiratory illnesses.
5. Scours Prevention
- Consistent feeding and cleanliness are your best defences against scours.
- If scours occur, electrolytes are essential to prevent dehydration. Your vet can advise on the best treatment and management
6. Water Works
- As with any time of year, calves need fresh, clean water.
- Take care to ensure water troughs aren't frozen over.
7. Observation is Crucial
- Check calves daily for any signs of illness.
- Treat sick calves promptly to stop illness from spreading.
- Keep accurate records of their health and growth.
The Bottom Line:
Winter calf rearing is all about preparation and close attention to your calves' needs. By providing proper shelter, nutrition, and care, you’ll help your calves stay healthy and strong throughout the colder months. Remember, your vet is your best resource for advice tailored to your farm. A little extra effort now pays off later with healthy, productive animals. For more tips on calf housing, check out DairyNZ's Calf Housing Guide.
Outpost Buildings offers a quality range of durable kitset portable calf and livestock shelters. Fully relocatable, they can be moved to fresh ground or repositioned to protect your calves from the elements and from bugs. Assembly plans and all required fixings are included, and all can be delivered freight free to transport depots NZ-wide. To learn more about our portable calf shelters, get in touch – we’ll help you choose the right livestock shelter for your property.
